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<rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/" xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"><channel><title>无极血康中医医院</title><link>https://blog.xuekang.net/</link><description>中医治疗白血病，血小板减少，再障，MDS等血液病</description><generator>RainbowSoft Studio Z-Blog 2.3 Avengers Build 180518</generator><language>zh-CN</language><pubDate>Sat, 22 Nov 2025 16:05:36 +0800</pubDate><item><title>晚期MF/SS患者接受allo-HSCT疗效如何？</title><author>a@b.com (yatao)</author><link>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3308.html</link><pubDate>Tue, 23 Apr 2024 16:23:36 +0800</pubDate><guid>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3308.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p><p>2024年第50届欧洲血液与骨髓移植学会(EBMT)年会(EBMT 
2024)于4月14日-17日在英国格拉斯哥召开，会议探讨造血干细胞移植和细胞治疗相关的前沿研究进展。晚期蕈样肉芽肿(MF)和Sézary综合征(SS)患者预后较差，预期寿命不到5年，尽管在过去的十年中出现了新的有效药物，但异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)仍然是晚期MF/SS患者唯一可能的治疗策略。本期小编整理了两项关于晚期MF/SS患者接受allo-HSCT的相关研究，以飨读者。</p><p>allo-HSCT治疗晚期MF/SS：一项包括63例连续患者长期中位随访的回顾性分析</p><p>该研究回顾性收集了2000年9月-2023年7月因IIB/IV期难治性MF/SS接受allo-HSCT的连续患者的数据，并分析了与长期中位随访结果相关的因素。预处理方案为基于嘌呤类似物的方案，包括喷司他丁/TBI200或氟达拉滨/马法兰用于MRD/MUD/mMUD移植患者，塞替派/环磷酰胺/Flu/TBI用于单倍体相合mMRD患者。生存终点(总生存期[OS]、无病生存期[DFS])采用Kaplan-Meier曲线描述，组间比较采用Log-Rank检验。累积复发率(CIR)和非复发死亡率(NRM)作为竞争风险进行分析，采用粗累积发生率曲线和Gray 
&#39;s检验。</p><p>研究结果</p><p>63例患者中MF 40例，SS 
23例，中位年龄55岁(20-67岁)，中位诊断时间46个月(10-275个月)。HLA相合同胞供者22例，MUD供者28例(mMUD供者13例)，mMRD供者13例。在移植时，15例患者(24%)处于完全缓解(CR)，48%的移植患者在疾病处于活动期时达到临床CR。21例患者复发，中位复发时间为移植后4个月(23天-35个月)，其中5例在停止免疫抑制治疗后(1例)、RT/TSEB后(3例)、发生慢性GvHD(1例)后获得新的持久CR。51%的患者发生了II-IV级急性GvHD，22%的患者发生了III-IV级GvHD。在可评估的53例患者中，36%的患者发生了慢性GvHD，其中16%的患者发生了广泛型GvHD。</p><p>中位随访70个月，5年OS率53%(40-66%)、DFS率33%(21-44%)、NRM 
14%(5-22%)，复发率63%(50-75%)。SS患者的预后显著优于MF患者(5年DFS率为：57% vs 
22%，p=0.012)，移植时处于CR的患者的预后显著优于疾病处于活动期的患者(5年DFS率为：71% vs 
22%，p=0.001)。根据供者类型，MRD、MUD和mMRD移植患者的5年DFS率分别为50%(95% CI 28-71)、18%(95% CI 
4-32)和36%(95% CI 
9-63)。尤其在13例接受mMRD-allo-HSCT的患者中，8例在末次随访时仍存活(6例为CR)，5年NRM为15%。</p><p>研究结论</p><p>对于部分晚期MF/SS患者，减低强度预处理的allo-HSCT是维持长期缓解的有效策略，NRM发生率低。mMRD移植似乎是可行的，其5年生存结局介于MRD和MUD之间，且MRD和mMRD患者的5年CIR可重叠。疾病复发仍然是移植失败的主要原因，尤其是在伴有活动性疾病接受移植的MF患者中，这使得移植后的疾病治疗尤其具有挑战性。</p><p>皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤全皮肤电子束治疗后的非清髓性allo-HSCT的单中心经验</p><p>由于在移植前实现对疾病的控制已被证明可增加患者长期生存的概率，因此有研究者报告了近5年来在全皮肤电子束治疗(TSEBT)后进行非清髓性allo-HSCT的单中心经验。该研究回顾性分析了2018年7月-2023年7月接受TSEBT的皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤(MF/SS)患者的临床资料。</p><p>研究结果</p><p>非清髓性移植患者7例(MF 1例，SS 
6例)，男性患者占71%，中位年龄43(24-56)岁，4例单倍体相合。大多数(86%)患者患IV期疾病，并且既往接受过多种系统治疗(中位数5)。所有患者在移植前均接受了改良Standford技术的TSEBT治疗，总剂量为30 
Gy，共24次(1.25 
Gy/次，4次/周)。&quot;阴影区域&quot;(女性头皮、手掌、脚掌、腋窝、会阴和乳房下皱襞)根据受累程度增加10-15Gy的直接电子场剂量(增强)(无病区域为10 
Gy，每天500cGy，分2次)，受累区域为15 
Gy(分3次)。大多数患者(71%)在移植前即刻(预处理前1-2个月)接受了TSEBT。所有患者移植前均处于稳定的部分缓解(PR)状态。所有患者的预处理均为非清髓性(全部为氟达拉滨，3例使用马法兰，2例使用白消安，2例使用白消安-环磷酰胺)。</p><p>中位随访时间18个月(3-60个月)，1、3年总生存率分别为100%、86%。所有患者均达到CR，大部分患者(86%)经流式细胞术检测不到微小残留病。移植后1年和3年的移植相关死亡率(TRM)为0%。2例患者复发(28%)，均在移植后3个月。其中1例对供者淋巴细胞输注有反应，1例死于疾病进展。II-IV级急性GvHD累积发生率为14%，2年中重度慢性GvHD发生率为0%。只有1例患者(14%)发生了巨细胞病毒感染，只有1例患者因疾病进展继发呼吸衰竭需要入住ICU。</p><p>研究结论</p><p>包括皮肤部位TSEBT在内的非清髓性allo-HSCT是治疗晚期MF/SS的有效方法。尽管这些疾病的发病率较低，但仍需要更多的经验来证实这些数据。</p><p></p>]]></description><category>血液病新闻动态</category><comments>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3308.html#comment</comments><wfw:commentRss>https://blog.xuekang.net/feed.asp?cmt=3308</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>2023年CSCO淋巴瘤指南CLL部分更新要点解读</title><author>a@b.com (yatao)</author><link>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3307.html</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 May 2023 11:22:26 +0800</pubDate><guid>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3307.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p><p>2023年CSCO淋巴瘤指南CLL部分更新要点解读</p><center><img width="505" height="277" alt="1.png" src="https://news-cdn.medlive.cn/uploadfile/ueditor/php/upload/image/20230425/1682413863863871.png" border="1"/></center><p>2023版CSCO淋巴瘤指南CLL部分的更新主要聚焦在一线CLL治疗。BTK抑制剂已经成为主流治疗，其中阿可替尼±奥妥珠单抗推荐等级从II级提升至I级(1A类证据)，这一推荐的提升主要基于ELEVATE 
TN研究2。ELEVATE 
TN是一项全球多中心的III期研究，纳入535例初治CLL患者随机分配至以下三组：阿可替尼单药治疗组、阿可替尼联合奥妥珠单抗组和奥妥珠单抗联合苯丁酸氮芥组。2022 
ASCO会议更新公布5年随访结果3，中位随访58.2个月，与奥妥珠单抗联合苯丁酸氮芥组相比，阿可替尼联合奥妥珠单抗组可显著将疾病进展或死亡风险降低89%(HR=0.11，95% 
CI 0.07-0.16，P&lt;0.0001);阿可替尼单药治疗组可降低79%(HR=0.21，95%CI 
0.15-0.30，P&lt;0.0001)。阿可替尼联合奥妥珠单抗组、阿可替尼单药治疗组和奥妥珠单抗联合苯丁酸氮芥组估计的预估60个月无进展生存(PFS)率分别为84% 
VS 72% VS 
21%。阿可替尼无论是单药还是联合奥妥珠单抗均能显著改善初治CLL患者的PFS，且安全性和耐受性均与既往结果一致。即使在奥妥珠单抗联合苯丁酸氮芥组有41%的患者交叉接受阿可替尼单药治疗，阿可替尼联合奥妥珠单抗可以显著将死亡风险降低45%(HR=0.55;p=0.0474)，显著延长患者生存。一项纳入了ELEVATE 
TN、ALLIANCE、CLL-14三项研究的基线匹配调整后间接比较(MAIC)分析4，在初治CLL患者中，阿可替尼联合奥妥珠单抗的PFS和总生存期(OS)显著优于伊布替尼或维奈克拉联合奥妥珠单抗，且阿可替尼联合或不联合奥妥珠单抗的安全性更佳。</p><p>2023年CSCO淋巴瘤指南MCL部分更新要点解读</p><center><img width="479" height="393" alt="2.png" src="https://news-cdn.medlive.cn/uploadfile/ueditor/php/upload/image/20230425/1682413987524193.png" border="1"/></center><center><img width="479" height="403" alt="3.png" src="https://news-cdn.medlive.cn/uploadfile/ueditor/php/upload/image/20230425/1682414001258665.png" border="1"/></center><p>2023版CSCO淋巴瘤指南MCL部分的更新主要聚焦在一线初治不适合移植的MCL治疗方案1，治疗方案的II级推荐增加了BR(苯达莫司汀、利妥昔单抗)联合伊布替尼诱导治疗后利妥昔单抗联合伊布替尼维持治疗(2A类证据)，这一推荐主要是基于SHINE研究5。SHINE是一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照研究，该研究共纳入了523例既往未接受过治疗且年龄≥65岁的MCL患者。老年MCL患者往往因自身基础状况较差，不适合进行自体干细胞移植(ASCT)。结果显示，中位随访84.7个月时，伊布替尼组的中位PFS为80.6个月，安慰剂组为52.9个月(疾病进展或死亡风险比=0.75;95%Cl：0.59-0.96;P=0.01)。但较遗憾的是，伊布替尼组和安慰剂组中分别有39.8%和40.8%的患者死亡，两组OS相似(死亡风险比=1.07)。伊布替尼组7年OS率为55.0%，安慰剂组为56.8%。目前MCL的治疗仍然存在较大的未被满足的临床需求，患者的PFS和OS仍需进一步提升，这也是指南中增加了这一治疗选择的推荐根本原因。伊布替尼联合BR方案显著延长了患者的PFS，但由于安全性等问题，可能导致了最终OS并未获益，未来新一代高选择性BTKi可能有望在进一步提高安全性的基础上，实现OS的最终获益。</p><p>2023版CSCO淋巴瘤指南MCL部分的更新还包括了在R/R 
MCL治疗推荐的注释部分增加了阿可替尼的治疗推荐，主要是基于阿可替尼的关键注册研究——ACE-LY-0046，一项开放标签II期临床研究，该研究纳入124例中位年龄为68岁、美国东部肿瘤协作组体能状态评分(ECOG 
PS)≤2的R/R 
MCL患者，患者接受阿可替尼治疗。2021年ICML大会上更新了ACE-LY-004研究7中位随访时间为38.1个月的长期随访结果，总缓解(ORR)率为81%，完全缓解(CR)率为48%，中位缓解持续时间(DOR)为29个月，中位PFS为22个月，中位OS为59.2个月(95%CI：36.5，NE)。随着阿可替尼今年3月份在国内的获批上市，MCL的治疗也再添新的治疗选择。</p><p></p>]]></description><category>白血病治疗记录</category><comments>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3307.html#comment</comments><wfw:commentRss>https://blog.xuekang.net/feed.asp?cmt=3307</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>诱导治疗结束与ASCT间隔时间长短与NDMM患者预后相关</title><author>a@b.com (yatao)</author><link>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3306.html</link><pubDate>Thu, 09 Feb 2023 14:27:51 +0800</pubDate><guid>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3306.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p><p>多发性骨髓瘤(MM)是终末分化的浆细胞的单克隆恶性肿瘤，是第二常见的血液系统恶性肿瘤。在过去20年中，新药的进展和自体造血干细胞移植(ASCT)的使用显著改善了MM患者的生存结局。随着新药的不断发展及应用，ASCT在MM中的地位也在不断的受到挑战。然而，许多临床试验显示，适合移植的初诊MM(NDMM)患者接受与未接受ASCT相比具有显著的生存获益。移植后，大多数患者接受基于来那度胺或硼替佐米的方案维持治疗。适合移植的NDMM患者通常接受3-6个周期的诱导方案治疗，然后进行以大剂量美法仑为预处方案的ASCT。NDMM患者通常在最后一个诱导治疗周期结束的3-4周完成干细胞动员及采集。尽管许多风险因素(如年龄、肥胖、既往治疗强度)已被确定与NDMM患者移植结局相关，但目前尚不清楚末次化疗日期和干细胞输注日期之间的长短是否与该类患者临床结局相关。研究者们进行了一项研究，评价了末次化疗日期和干细胞输注日期之间的无化疗期的长短对NDMM患者ASCT后无进展生存期(PFS)和总生存期(OS)的影响。</p><p>研究方法</p><p>该项回顾性队列研究纳入了2004年至2018年在美国梅奥诊所就诊并在诊断后1年内接受ASCT的所有NDMM患者。诱导治疗期间疾病进展的患者从研究中排除。为了确保该研究队列的同质性，研究者们排除了所有在干细胞采集后接受维持治疗或其他化疗方案的患者。首先，研究者们评估了每例患者诱导方案的持续时间，记录患者的末次化疗日期，还收集了预处理方案的给药。FISH分层基于mSMART模型，del17p、t(4;14)、t(14;16)、t(14;20)、1q扩增异常被视为高风险。研究终点为PFS(从干细胞输注日期至生化进展或强化治疗日期)和OS(从干细胞输注日期至全因死亡日期)。</p><p>研究结果</p><p>纳入该研究整体队列患者基线特征</p><p>该研究确定了1055例在MM诊断一年内接受ASCT的患者。诊断时的中位年龄为61.4岁，其中332例(35.7%)患者有高危FISH异常。在整个队列中，461例(43.8%)患者单用G-CSF动员，588例(55.9%)患者采用G-CSF联合普乐沙福。在预处理方面，893例(84.6%)患者接受美法仑200mg/m2的预处理方案;详见表1。整体患者干细胞输注日期后的中位PFS和OS分别为33.4和122.3个月。</p><p>表1：整个队列的基线特征</p><center><img width="518" height="260" title="001.png" alt="1675669401985625.png" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2023/2/2023020953163769.png" border="1"/></center><p>整个研究队列患者TTT时间长短对预后的影响</p><p>该研究队列患者的自末次化疗日期起的中位至移植的时间(TTT)为33天。研究者们根据中位TTT(33天)对队列进行了分组。研究结果显示，TTT&lt;33天与≥33天的患者相比，PFS显著延长分别为35.6个月 
vs 32.1个月(p&lt;0.03)，但OS无显著差异，分别为128个月 vs 
122.2个月(p=0.68)(图1和2)。当根据TTT四分位数对患者进行分组时，研究结果显示，TTT&lt;27天与TTT超过42天的患者相比，PFS显著延长分别为36.7个月 
vs 30.9个月(p&lt;0.01)，但OS无显著差异，分别为115.8个月 vs 124.4个月(p=0.33)(图3和4)。</p><center><img width="527" height="324" title="001.png" alt="1675669427495434.png" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2023/2/2023020953185461.png" border="1"/></center><p>图1：整体研究队列中基于中位TTT的不同患者的PFS情况</p><center><img width="514" height="348" title="001.png" alt="3.png" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2023/2/2023020953204561.png" border="1"/></center><p>图2：整体研究队列中基于中位TTT的不同患者的OS情况</p><center><img width="516" height="314" title="001.png" alt="4.png" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2023/2/2023020953221673.png" border="1"/></center><p>图3：整体研究队列中基于TTT的第1四分位数和第4四分位数不同患者的PFS情况</p><center><img width="518" height="288" title="001.png" alt="1675669482195032.png" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2023/2/2023020953240253.png" border="1"/></center><p>图4：整体研究队列中基于TTT的第1四分位数和第4四分位数不同患者的OS情况</p><p>移植前获得≥VGPR亚组中患者TTT时间长短对预后的影响</p><p>在基于移植前获得的缓解程度的亚组分析中，研究者们将患者分为疗效应答良好组即达到≥非常好的部分缓解(VGPR)和疗效应答不良组即&lt;vgpr。对于应答良好组患者，基于中位ttt的研究结果显示，两组患者的pfs和os无显著差异。在ttt的四分位数比较中，第1四分位数与第4四分位数组相比，pfs显著延长分别为36.4个月 33.8个月(p&lt;0.03);但两组患者的os无显著差异分别为96.9个月=&quot;&quot; vs=&quot;&quot; p=&quot;0.93)(图5和6)。&lt;/p&quot;&gt;<center><img width="513" height="334" title="001.png" alt="6.png" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2023/2/2023020953260057.png" border="1"/></center><p></p><p>图5：移植前获得≥VGPR的亚组中基于TTT的第1四分位数和第4四分位数不同患者的PFS情况</p><center><img width="544" height="327" title="001.png" alt="7.png" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2023/2/2023020953279357.png" border="1"/></center><p>图6：移植前获得≥VGPR的亚组中基于TTT的第1四分位数和第4四分位数不同患者的OS情况</p><p>移植前获得<vgpr亚组中患者ttt时间长短对预后的影响< p=""></vgpr亚组中患者ttt时间长短对预后的影响<></p><p>在疗效应答不良组的患者中，TTT&lt;33天与≥33天的患者相比，PFS显著延长分别为30.5个月 vs. 
27个月(p&lt;0.03)，但两组患者OS相似分别为129个月 vs 
125个月(p=0.96)(图7和8)。在该亚组患者中，TTT第1四分位数患者与第4四分位数相比PFS显著延长分别为37.7个月vs 
28.7个月(p&lt;0.04);但OS无显著差异分别为129个月 vs 132个月(p=0.26)(图9和10)。</p><center><img width="529" height="300" title="001.png" alt="8.png" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2023/2/2023020953297421.png" border="1"/></center><p>图7：移植前获得<vgpr的亚组中基于中位ttt的不同患者的pfs情况< p=""></vgpr的亚组中基于中位ttt的不同患者的pfs情况<><center><img width="515" height="320" title="001.png" alt="9.png" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2023/2/2023020953314629.png" border="1"/></center><p></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>图8：移植前获得<vgpr的亚组中基于中位ttt的不同患者的os情况< p=""></vgpr的亚组中基于中位ttt的不同患者的os情况<><center><img width="522" height="323" title="001.png" alt="10.png" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2023/2/2023020953338493.png" border="1"/></center><p></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>图9：移植前获得<vgpr的亚组中基于ttt的第1四分位数和第4四分位数不同患者的pfs情况< p=""></vgpr的亚组中基于ttt的第1四分位数和第4四分位数不同患者的pfs情况<><center><img width="519" height="370" title="001.png" alt="11.png" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2023/2/2023020953357077.png" border="1"/></center><p></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>图10：移植前获得<vgpr的亚组中基于ttt的第1四分位数和第4四分位数不同患者的os情况< p=""></vgpr的亚组中基于ttt的第1四分位数和第4四分位数不同患者的os情况<></p><p>研究结论</p><p>该研究证明了TTT可影响NDMM患者的临床结局，TTT&lt;27天较TTT&gt;42天的患者相比具有显著良好的预后;这一结果在移植前获得<vgpr疗效的亚组患者中更加明显。但该研究结果需要前瞻性的研究进一步证实。< p=""></vgpr疗效的亚组患者中更加明显。但该研究结果需要前瞻性的研究进一步证实。<></p><p><!--0.03);但两组患者的os无显著差异分别为96.9个月=""--></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p></p></p></p></p>]]></description><category>血液病新闻动态</category><comments>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3306.html#comment</comments><wfw:commentRss>https://blog.xuekang.net/feed.asp?cmt=3306</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>单倍体相合造血干细胞移植在复发/难治重型再生障碍性贫血中疗效如何？</title><author>a@b.com (yatao)</author><link>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3305.html</link><pubDate>Thu, 09 Feb 2023 14:22:31 +0800</pubDate><guid>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3305.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p><p>重型再生障碍性贫血(SAA)是一种由免疫系统介导的获得性造血干细胞疾病，表现为骨髓细胞和全血细胞减少。尽管免疫抑制治疗已显著提高了SAA患者疗效。然而，免疫抑制剂长期应用可诱发恶性肿瘤或克隆性疾病。异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)可快速重建SAA患者造血功能，并降低恶性肿瘤或克隆性疾病的发生风险。&gt;40岁患者由于移植物衰竭和移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)，allo-HSCT疗效并不理想。移植后应用环磷酰胺可降低GVHD的发生，提高HLA高度错配allo-HSCT的安全性和有效性。基于此，血液和骨髓移植临床试验网络(BMT-CTN)进行了一项前瞻性研究，旨在了解复发/难治SAA患者单倍体相合造血干细胞移植后的1年总生存(OS)率。</p><p>研究方法</p><p>BMT CTN 
1502是一项单臂、Ⅱ期临床试验。纳入标准：≤75岁，至少接受过一个疗程免疫抑制治疗后复发或难治的获得性SAA;有亲缘单倍型相合供者;体能状态良好(ECOG评分为0或1，Karnofsky或Lansky评分≥60%)。采用降低强度的移植前预处理方案(兔抗胸腺细胞球蛋白总量4.5mg/kg;环磷酰胺14.5mg/kg连续使用2天;氟达拉滨每日30mg/m2，共5天;全身照射单次200cGy)。移植后采用基于环磷酰胺的方案进行GVHD预防。此外，为了预防GVHD，在移植后第5-35天以15mg/kg的剂量口服吗替麦考酚酯，每日3次(每日最高剂量3000mg);第5-180天口服或静脉注射他克莫司，血清浓度维持在10-15ng/mL。主要终点为移植后1年的OS率。</p><p>研究结果</p><p>临床特征：</p><p>2017年5月19日至2020年8月31日，来自14个中心的32例患者纳入研究。其中31例接受了移植，中位年龄为24.9岁(四分位间距[IQR]：10.4-51.3)，男性19例(61%)，非白种人13例(42%)(表1)。</p><p>表1</p><center><img width="420" height="1147" title="001.png" alt="图片1.png" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2023/2/2023020953381861.png" border="1"/></center><p>总生存率：</p><p>1年OS率为81%(95%CI：62-91)。所有患者的中位随访时间为24.3个月(IQR：12.1-29.2)。31例患者中有24例(77%)在移植1年后存活。7例(23%)患者未达到研究终点，包括4例(13%)原发性移植物功能衰竭，1例(3%)继发性移植物功能衰竭和2例(6%)死亡(与移植物功能衰竭无关)。6例(19%)患者移植后死亡，主要死亡原因包括移植物功能衰竭(1例)、真菌感染(1例)、器官衰竭(2例)、间质性肺炎(1例)和脑病(1例)。其中2例患者死于第一次移植后并发症。5例(16%)患者初次移植失败，并接受了第二次移植，4例死于第二次移植后并发症。</p><p>安全性：</p><p>最常见的3~5级AE包括：心血管改变(15例，48%)、胃肠道疾病(10例，32%)、肝功能异常(7例，23%)、营养不良(7例，23%)和呼吸系统疾病(8例，26%)(表2)。</p><p>表2</p><center><img width="1329" height="939" title="001.png" alt="图片2.png" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2023/2/2023020953401085.png" border="1"/></center><p>GVHD发生率：</p><p>移植后100天，2~4级急性GVHD(aGVHD)的累积发生率为16%(95%CI：6-31)。31例患者中有8例(26%)患者发展为慢性GVHD(cGVHD)，其中1例为中度cGVHD，其余为轻度cGVHD。cGVHD的1年发生率为26%(95%CI：12-42)(图1)。无GVHD生存率为55%(95%CI：36-70)。</p><center><img width="943" height="814" title="001.png" alt="图片3.png" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2023/2/2023020953424353.png" border="1"/></center><p>图1</p><p>研究结论</p><p>采用此研究方案进行复发/难治SAA患者的单倍体相合造血干细胞移植，患者总生存率较高，且GVHD发生率低。该研究结果为复发/难治SAA患者的治疗提供了参考。</p><p>&nbsp;</p>]]></description><category>再障治疗记录</category><comments>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3305.html#comment</comments><wfw:commentRss>https://blog.xuekang.net/feed.asp?cmt=3305</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>中疾控：1月27日至2月2日在院新冠相关死亡病例3278例</title><author>a@b.com (yatao)</author><link>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3304.html</link><pubDate>Mon, 06 Feb 2023 08:28:23 +0800</pubDate><guid>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3304.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(192, 0, 0); font-size: 18px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">全国新型冠状病毒感染疫情情况</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(192, 0, 0); font-size: 18px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">一、病例情况</strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">2月2日，31个省（自治区、直辖市）和新疆生产建设兵团新冠病毒感染现有住院病例98742例，现有重症7918例，其中新冠病毒感染重症653例、基础性疾病重症合并新冠病毒感染7265例。1月27日至2月2日，31个省（自治区、直辖市）和新疆生产建设兵团医疗机构累计在院新冠病毒感染相关死亡病例3278例，其中新冠病毒感染导致呼吸功能衰竭死亡131例、基础疾病合并新冠病毒感染死亡3147例。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(192, 0, 0); font-size: 18px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">二、疫苗接种情况</strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">截至2月2日，31个省（自治区、直辖市）和新疆生产建设兵团累计报告接种新冠病毒疫苗349041.9万剂次，接种总人数131026.7万人，完成全程接种127666.1万人，完成第一剂次加强免疫接种82677.2万人。其中，60岁以上老年人累计报告接种新冠病毒疫苗67863.2万剂次，接种总人数24164.5万人，完成全程接种23017.6万人，完成第一剂次加强免疫接种19239.5万人。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">来源：中疾控网站</p><p></p>]]></description><category>血康动态</category><comments>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3304.html#comment</comments><wfw:commentRss>https://blog.xuekang.net/feed.asp?cmt=3304</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>中疾控：在院新冠感染死亡病例数1月30日下降至434例！</title><author>a@b.com (yatao)</author><link>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3303.html</link><pubDate>Mon, 06 Feb 2023 08:17:59 +0800</pubDate><guid>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3303.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(192, 0, 0); font-size: 18px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">全国新型冠状病毒感染疫情情况</strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(192, 0, 0); font-size: 18px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">一、感染监测数据</strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">（一）全国报告人群新冠病毒核酸检测结果。</strong>2022年12月8日以后，全国（不含港澳台，下同）不再开展全员核酸筛查，实行愿检尽检，同时部分地区对重点人群开展定期核酸检测。各省份利用已有的核酸检测信息系统，实时掌握核酸检测数据。受居民检测意愿影响，各省份核酸检测量不断减少，如12月9日检测量为1.5亿，2023年1月1日降至754万，1月23日降至最低28万后有所反弹，1月30日为97.4万。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">2022年12月9日以来，各省份报告人群核酸检测阳性数及阳性率呈现先增加后降低趋势，阳性人数12月22日达到高峰（694万）后逐步下降，2023年1月23日降至最低1.5万，其后呈现低位波动，1月30日为2.4万；检测阳性率12月25日（29.2%）达高峰后波动下降，1月30日降至2.5%（图1-1）。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><img title="1675316221291932.jpg" class="to_big" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: auto; height: auto; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 90%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);" alt="1.jpg" src="https://news-cdn.medlive.cn/uploadfile/ueditor/php/upload/image/20230202/1675316221291932.jpg"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">图1-1全国报告人群新型冠状病毒核酸检测阳性数及阳性率变化趋势</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">（数据来源于31个省（区、市）及新疆生产建设兵团报告）</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">（二）全国报告人群新冠病毒抗原检测结果。</strong>2022年12月以来，部分省份建立居民抗原检测信息收集应用程序（APP），居民可自愿上传抗原检测结果。结果显示：各省份报告抗原检测量较低，呈现逐渐减少趋势，从2022年12月19日的最高189万下降到2023年1月23日的10.5万，其后有所反弹，1月30日为13.2万。抗原检测阳性数及阳性率自2022年12月9日快速上升，12月22日达高峰（33.7万、21.3%）后波动下降，2023年1月30日降至最低，分别为2848和2.2%（图1-2）。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><img title="1675316254427887.jpg" class="to_big" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: auto; height: auto; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 90%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);" alt="2.jpg" src="https://news-cdn.medlive.cn/uploadfile/ueditor/php/upload/image/20230202/1675316254427887.jpg"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">图1-2 全国报告人群新型冠状病毒抗原检测阳性数及阳性率变化趋势</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">（数据来源于31个省（区、市）及新疆生产建设兵团报告）</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(192, 0, 0); font-size: 18px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">二、全国<tag title="发热" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);" data-tag="25889"><a class="keyword_sign" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(76, 166, 252); text-decoration: none; display: inline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);" tagid="25889">发热</a></tag>门诊（诊室）诊疗情况</strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">（一）总体就诊人数结果。</strong>全国（不含港澳台）发热门诊（诊室）就诊人数于2022年12月23日达到峰值286.7万人次，随后连续下降，2023年1月23日后就诊人数呈现低位波动，1月30日为16.4万人次，较峰值下降了94.3%（图2-1）。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><img title="1675316283230814.jpg" class="to_big" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: auto; height: auto; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 90%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);" alt="3.jpg" src="https://news-cdn.medlive.cn/uploadfile/ueditor/php/upload/image/20230202/1675316283230814.jpg"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">图2-1&nbsp; 全国发热门诊（诊室）诊疗人数变化趋势</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">（数据来源于31个省（区、市）及新疆生产建设兵团报告）</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">说明：自2022年12月9日起，监测二级以上医疗机构发热门诊诊疗量；12月21日起，增加监测社区卫生服务中心和乡镇卫生院发热诊室诊疗量（不含村卫生室和社区卫生服务站）。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">（二）农村发热门诊（诊室）就诊人员结果。</strong>全国乡镇卫生院发热诊室就诊人数于2022年12月23日达到峰值92.2万人次，随后波动下降；2023年1月23日后呈现低位波动，2023年1月30日为6.9万人次，较峰值下降了92.5%（图2-2）。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><img title="1675316322177484.jpg" class="to_big" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: auto; height: auto; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 90%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);" alt="4.jpg" src="https://news-cdn.medlive.cn/uploadfile/ueditor/php/upload/image/20230202/1675316322177484.jpg"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">图2-2 全国农村地区乡镇卫生院发热门诊（诊室）就诊人数变化趋势</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">（数据来源于31个省（区、市）及新疆生产建设兵团报告）</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">说明：农村发热患者诊疗量为乡镇卫生院发热诊室诊疗量（不含村卫生室）</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">（三）城市发热门诊就诊人数结果。</strong>全国二级以上医疗机构和城市社区卫生服务中心发热门诊（诊室）就诊人数于2022年12月22日达到峰值195.4万人次，随后连续下降；1月23日后呈低位波动，1月30日为9.5万人次，较峰值下降了95.1%（图2-3）。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><img title="1675316344272563.jpg" class="to_big" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: auto; height: auto; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 90%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);" alt="5.jpg" src="https://news-cdn.medlive.cn/uploadfile/ueditor/php/upload/image/20230202/1675316344272563.jpg"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">图2-3 全国城市发热门诊（诊室）就诊人数变化趋势</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">（数据来源于31个省（区、市）及新疆生产建设兵团报告）</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">说明：城市发热门诊诊疗量含二级以上医疗机构和社区卫生服务中心（不含社区卫生服务站）。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">（四）哨点医院监测结果。</strong>2022年12月9日起，在我国已建立的824家<tag title="流感" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);" data-tag="25743"><a class="keyword_sign" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(76, 166, 252); text-decoration: none; display: inline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);" tagid="25743">流感</a></tag>监测网络哨点医院（包括国家级哨点医院546家、省级哨点医院278家）和402家国家级网络实验室开展新冠病毒核酸检测。结果显示：2022年9月-12月上旬，哨点医院每周流感样病例（体温≥38℃，伴<tag title="咳嗽" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);" data-tag="25763"><a class="keyword_sign" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(76, 166, 252); text-decoration: none; display: inline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);" tagid="25763">咳嗽</a></tag>或咽痛之一）数量稳定在10万左右，至第51周（12月19日-25日）达到最高60万；流感样病例占门（急）诊就诊人数比值在2.7%-3.6%区间波动，第50周（12月12日-18日）明显上升至8.5%，第51周达到最高12.1%，第52周起快速下降；2023年第4周（1月23日-29日）已下降至2.0%，回落至本轮疫情之前水平（图2-4）。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><img title="1675316391245365.jpg" class="to_big" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: auto; height: auto; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 90%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);" alt="6.jpg" src="https://news-cdn.medlive.cn/uploadfile/ueditor/php/upload/image/20230202/1675316391245365.jpg"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">图2-4&nbsp; 全国哨点医院报告的流感样病例数及占比变化趋势</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">（数据来源于824家哨点医院）</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">网络实验室对流感样病例标本同时进行新冠病毒和流感病毒检测，从2022年第49周（12月9日），新冠病毒阳性率开始逐渐增加，在第51和52周期间达峰值后持续下降，2023年第4周（1月23日-月29日）新冠阳性率已下降至8.3%；2022年第49周以来，流感病毒阳性率则逐步降低，至12月下旬降至极低水平，目前流感阳性率维持在1.0%以下（图2-5）。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><img title="1675316413863579.jpg" class="to_big" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: auto; height: auto; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 90%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);" alt="7.jpg" src="https://news-cdn.medlive.cn/uploadfile/ueditor/php/upload/image/20230202/1675316413863579.jpg"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">图2-5 全国哨点医院流感样病例新冠和流感病毒阳性率变化趋势</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">（数据来源于402家网络实验室）</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(192, 0, 0); font-size: 18px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">三、住院诊疗情况</strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">（一）在院新冠病毒感染者结果。</strong>全国在院新冠病毒感染者于2023年1月5日达到峰值162.5万人，随后持续下降，1月30日下降至14.4万人，较峰值减少了91.1%（图3-1）。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><img title="1675316446882654.jpg" class="to_big" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: auto; height: auto; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 90%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);" alt="8.jpg" src="https://news-cdn.medlive.cn/uploadfile/ueditor/php/upload/image/20230202/1675316446882654.jpg"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">图3-1 全国在院新冠病毒感染者每日变化情况</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">（数据来源于31个省（区、市）及新疆生产建设兵团报告）</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">（二）在院新冠病毒感染阳性重症患者结果。</strong>全国在院新冠病毒感染者中，重症患者数量于2022年12月27日至2023年1月3日期间每日增量近1万，1月4日增量明显下降，1月5日达到峰值12.8万，随后持续下降，1月30日下降至1.4万，较峰值下降了89.3%（图3-2）。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><img title="1675316477522230.jpg" class="to_big" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: auto; height: auto; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 90%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);" alt="9.jpg" src="https://news-cdn.medlive.cn/uploadfile/ueditor/php/upload/image/20230202/1675316477522230.jpg"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">图3-2&nbsp; 全国在院新冠病毒感染阳性重症患者变化情况</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">（数据来源于31个省（区、市）及新疆生产建设兵团报告）</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">（三）在院新冠病毒感染死亡情况。</strong>在院新冠病毒感染死亡病例数于1月4日达到每日峰值4273例，随后持续下降，1月30日下降至434例，较峰值下降89.8%（图3-3）。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><img title="1675316501935640.jpg" class="to_big" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: auto; height: auto; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 90%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);" alt="10.jpg" src="https://news-cdn.medlive.cn/uploadfile/ueditor/php/upload/image/20230202/1675316501935640.jpg"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">图3-3 全国在院新冠病毒感染死亡病例变化情况</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">（数据来源于31个省（区、市）及新疆生产建设兵团报告）</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(192, 0, 0); font-size: 18px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">四、新冠病毒感染本土病例病毒变异监测情况</strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">我国持续开展新冠病毒变异监测，2022年12月后在每个省份选择部分哨点医院开展门（急）诊病例、重症病例、死亡病例及部分特殊人群病毒变异监测。同时开展陆路、水路和空港口岸入境人员病毒变异监测。监测结果表明，此轮疫情流行株主要为BA.5.2.48、BF.7.14和BA.5.2.49，未发现新的变异株。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">（一）总体情况。</strong>2022年9月26日至2023年1月30日，全国共报送20582例本土病例新冠病毒基因组有效序列，均为奥密克戎变异株，共存在73个进化分支，主要流行株为BA.5.2.48（52.1%）、BF.7.14（23.3%）和BA.5.2.49（16.0%），BA.5.2等21种进化分支构成比在0.1%-2.5%之间，49个进化分支的构成比小于0.1%（共占0.6%）（图4-1）。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><img title="1675316534849608.jpg" class="to_big" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: auto; height: auto; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 90%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);" alt="11.jpg" src="https://news-cdn.medlive.cn/uploadfile/ueditor/php/upload/image/20230202/1675316534849608.jpg"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">图4-1全国新型冠状病毒变异株变化趋势图</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">说明：1.采样日期：2022年9月26日至2023年1月28日。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">2.图中标记的数字分别为BA.5.2.48、BF.7.14和BA.5.2.49进化分支有效基因组序列数量。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">3.“其它”指全国范围Omicron变异株构成比小于0.1%的进化分支。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">（二）12月以来本土病例病毒变异株监测情况。</strong>2022年12月1日至2023年1月30日，全国共报送11878例本土病例新冠病毒基因组有效序列，全部为奥密克戎变异株，共存在26个进化分支。主要流行株为BA.5.2.48（61.1%）和BF.7.14（27.8%）（表4-1）。共发现重点关注变异株12例，其中，1例XBB.1，4例BQ.1.1，1例BQ.1.1.17，4例BQ.1.2，2例BQ.1.8。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">表4-1 全国新冠病毒变异株情况（2022年12月1日至2023年1月30日）</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><img title="1675316576629846.png" class="to_big" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: auto; height: auto; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 90%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);" alt="12.png" src="https://news-cdn.medlive.cn/uploadfile/ueditor/php/upload/image/20230202/1675316576629846.png"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">（三）新冠病毒变异分省份情况。</strong>总体来看，北京、天津和内蒙古以BF.7及其亚分支为优势株；江苏BF.7及其亚分支和BA.5.2及其亚分支基本持平；其他省份均以BA.5.2及其亚分支为优势株。（图4-2）。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><img title="1675316596878025.jpg" class="to_big" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: auto; height: auto; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 90%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);" alt="13.jpg" src="https://news-cdn.medlive.cn/uploadfile/ueditor/php/upload/image/20230202/1675316596878025.jpg"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">图4-2 各省份新冠病毒变异监测情况</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">说明：采样时间：2022年12月1日-2023年1月28日；2.图中标记的数字分别为BA.5.2.48、BF.7.14和BA.5.2.49进化分支有效基因组序列数量。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(192, 0, 0); font-size: 18px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">五、新冠病毒疫苗接种进展</strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">2020年12月15日全国启动新冠病毒疫苗大规模接种后，接种速度明显加快，5天完成1亿剂次接种，单日最高接种2474万剂次。我国积极稳妥推进接种工作，截至2023年1月30日，31个省（自治区、直辖市）和新疆生产建设兵团累计完成接种新冠病毒疫苗34.90亿剂次（图5-1）。全人群第一剂次、全程接种覆盖比例分别达到92.9%和90.6%（图5-2）。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><img title="1675316638206298.jpg" class="to_big" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: auto; height: auto; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 90%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);" alt="14.jpg" src="https://news-cdn.medlive.cn/uploadfile/ueditor/php/upload/image/20230202/1675316638206298.jpg"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">图5-1 分月新冠病毒疫苗累计接种剂次</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">（数据来源于31个省（区、市）及新疆生产建设兵团报告）</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><img title="1675316657780438.jpg" class="to_big" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: auto; height: auto; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 90%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);" alt="15.jpg" src="https://news-cdn.medlive.cn/uploadfile/ueditor/php/upload/image/20230202/1675316657780438.jpg"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">图5-2 分月全人群中第一剂次接种、基础免疫全程接种覆盖率</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">（数据来源于31个省（区、市）及新疆生产建设兵团报告）</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">以2022年底全国老年人专项摸底调查人口数为基数统计，60岁以上老年人第一剂次接种覆盖人数占老年人群的96.0%，全程接种、第一剂次加强免疫接种人数分别占符合接种时间间隔老年人群的96.6%、92.2%（图5-3）。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><img title="1675316720864493.jpg" class="to_big" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: auto; height: auto; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 90%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);" alt="16.jpg" src="https://news-cdn.medlive.cn/uploadfile/ueditor/php/upload/image/20230202/1675316720864493.jpg"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">图5-3基于摸底人口数的60岁以上人群新冠病毒疫苗接种率</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">（数据来源于31个省（区、市）及新疆生产建设兵团报告）</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">注：1.第一剂次接种率测算中分子为接种目前附条件上市或紧急使用新冠病毒疫苗至少1剂次的人群，分母为2022年12月10日各省上报的老年人摸底登记人口数。2.全程接种率测算中分子为接种灭活疫苗2剂次、腺病毒载体疫苗1剂次、重组蛋白疫苗3剂次的老年人群，分母为接种灭活疫苗1剂次、腺病毒载体疫苗1剂次和重组蛋白疫苗2剂次的人群，并且接种后间隔满28天（4周）。3.第一剂次加强免疫接种率测算分子为完成第一剂次加强免疫接种老年人群，分母为接种灭活疫苗2剂次、腺病毒载体疫苗1剂次的人群，且全程接种后间隔满3个月。（由于重组蛋白疫苗实施加强免疫接种的时间短，接种3剂次重组蛋白疫苗人群目前未包括在分母中）。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">来源：中国疾控中心</p><p>&nbsp;</p>]]></description><category>血康动态</category><comments>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3303.html#comment</comments><wfw:commentRss>https://blog.xuekang.net/feed.asp?cmt=3303</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>李奕豪 男 就诊年龄11个月 确诊纯红再障</title><author>a@b.com (yatao)</author><link>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3302.html</link><pubDate>Wed, 06 Jul 2022 10:31:13 +0800</pubDate><guid>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3302.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p><span style="font-size: 16px;">&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 16px;">李奕豪 男 就诊年龄11个月 确诊纯红再障<br/>广东肇庆高新北江大道保利心悦花园,电话13144919014<br/>李奕豪出生五个月发现血红蛋白特别低，当时做骨穿确诊纯红再障，但孩子太小吃不了药，20多天输血一次维持治疗。孩子11个月的时候经我院患者杨蕊熙妈妈介绍，开始服用我院中药，服用一个多月中药后效果不理想，后从7.2号同时配合激素治疗，血红蛋白保持100多，一个月后8.6开始逐步减激素，11.6号激素彻底减完，也就是三个月激素全部减完，减激素期间，血红蛋白非常稳定，稳定在120左右，11.20复查血常规血红蛋白123。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">李奕豪骨穿结果</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px;"><img title="1.jpg" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/7/2022070637923081.jpg"/></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">2021.5.24号服用我院中药前一天血常规，血红蛋白59，每个月输血一次。</span></p><p><img title="2.jpg" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/7/2022070637939925.jpg"/><span style="font-size: 16px;">2021.6.15号，服用我院中药18天，血红蛋白69。</span></p><p><br/><span style="font-size: 16px;"><img title="3.jpg" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/7/2022070637958033.jpg"/>2021.6.29，血红蛋白52，准备输血。</span></p><p><br/><span style="font-size: 16px;"><img title="4.jpg" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/7/2022070637980441.jpg"/>2021.7.2输血后血红蛋白118。今天开始配合四片激素治疗。</span></p><p><br/><span style="font-size: 16px;"></span></p><p><img title="5.jpg" style="float: none;" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/7/2022070637996801.jpg"/></p><p><img title="6.jpg" style="float: none;" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/7/2022070637997225.jpg"/></p><p><img title="7.jpg" style="float: none;" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/7/2022070638000005.jpg"/></p><p><img title="8.jpg" style="float: none;" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/7/2022070638000781.jpg"/></p><p><img title="9.jpg" style="float: none;" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/7/2022070638001129.jpg"/></p><p><img title="10.jpg" style="float: none;" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/7/2022070638001553.jpg"/></p><p><img title="11.jpg" style="float: none;" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/7/2022070638002365.jpg"/></p><p><img title="12.jpg" style="float: none;" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/7/2022070638002953.jpg"/></p><p><br/></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">2021.11.8，激素彻底减完，血红蛋白122。<br/></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px;"><img title="13.jpg" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/7/2022070638051973.jpg"/></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">2021.11.20，血红蛋白123<br/></span></p><p><br/></p><p><font size="3"><img title="14.jpg" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/7/2022070638074693.jpg"/></font></p><span style="font-size: 16px;"><p><br/></p><p><br/>2022.4.23日结果，血红蛋白140。<br/></p></span><p></p>]]></description><category>再障治疗记录</category><comments>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3302.html#comment</comments><wfw:commentRss>https://blog.xuekang.net/feed.asp?cmt=3302</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>刘奥林 男 就诊年龄13岁 确诊急重型再障</title><author>a@b.com (yatao)</author><link>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3301.html</link><pubDate>Wed, 06 Jul 2022 10:17:25 +0800</pubDate><guid>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3301.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p><span style="font-size: 16px;">&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 16px;">刘奥林 男 就诊年龄13岁 确诊急重型再障<br/>刘奥林2021.10.19号开始服用我院中药<br/>湖北省恩施市舞阳坝街道<br/>电话：15327898191<br/>刘奥林2021.6月确诊急重型再障，7.21号上ATG治疗，后每天服用275mg环孢素，输血输板频繁，治疗三个月后恢复不理想，在我院患者杨蕊熙妈妈的介绍下于202.10.16号第一次邮寄中药，11.25号亲自来我院治疗。刘奥林服用我院中药一个多月后脱输，目前恢复特别理想，2022.2.14检查血常规，血红蛋白124，血小板96，白细胞2.48。<br/>2021.9月份刘奥林在恩施的住院病历</span></span></p><p><img title="1.jpg" style="float: none;" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/7/2022070637116489.jpg"/></p><p><img title="2.jpg" style="float: none;" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/7/2022070637117381.jpg"/></p><p><img title="3.jpg" style="float: none;" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/7/2022070637117881.jpg"/><br/><br/></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">2021.10.16在当地血常规检查结果，血红蛋白63，血小板10，白细胞8.85（打增白针后）今天第一次邮寄中药<br/></span><img title="4.jpg" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/7/2022070637136081.jpg"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">2021.11.11，血红蛋白64，血小板5，白细胞1.72。<br/></span></p><p><img title="5.jpg" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/7/2022070637167705.jpg"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">刘奥林2022.2.14检查结果，服用中药四个月检查结果，已经基本正常，血红蛋白121，血小板96，白细胞2.48。<br/></span></p><p><img title="6.jpg" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/7/2022070637180441.jpg"/><span style="font-size: 16px;">2022.3.16号检查结果，血红蛋白128，血小板129，白细胞4.33。<br/></span></p><p><img title="7.jpg" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/7/2022070637193097.jpg"/><span style="font-size: 16px;">2022.5.17，血红蛋白121，血小板105，白细胞2.91。<br/></span></p><p><img title="8.jpg" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/7/2022070637204693.jpg"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">刘奥林自2021.10.16服用我院中药后每次检查结果记录，恢复情况一目了然，恢复非常快。<br/></span></p><p><img title="9.jpg" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/7/2022070637215381.jpg"/></p><p></p>]]></description><category>再障治疗记录</category><comments>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3301.html#comment</comments><wfw:commentRss>https://blog.xuekang.net/feed.asp?cmt=3301</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>详解再生障碍性贫血诊断与治疗指南</title><author>a@b.com (yatao)</author><link>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3300.html</link><pubDate>Wed, 06 Jul 2022 10:13:08 +0800</pubDate><guid>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3300.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box;">再障的定义</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">再生障碍性贫血(aplastic anemia, AA，再障)是一种骨髓造血功能衰竭症，主要表现为骨髓造血功能低下、全血细胞减少和贫血/出血/感染征候群。传统学说认为，在一定遗传背景下，再障作为一组异质性“综合征”可能通过三种机制发病：原、继发性造血干/祖细胞(“种子”)缺陷、造血微环境(“土壤”)及免疫(“虫子”)异常。目前认为T淋巴细胞功能亢进在原发性获得性再障发病机制中占重要地位，再障是T淋巴细胞介导的以造血系统为靶器官的自身免疫性疾病。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">有明确化疗、放疗史则为放/化疗继发性再障。先天性再障罕见，主要为范科尼贫血(常染色体隐性遗传病)，有家族发病，伴随其他遗传性疾病表现。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">再障年发病率在欧美为4.7～13.7/106，日本为14.7～24.0/106，我国为7.4/106，总体来说亚洲的发病率高于欧美;发病年龄呈现10-25岁及&gt;60岁两个发病高峰，没有明显的男女性别差异。某些病毒感染(如肝炎病毒、微小病毒B19等)、应用骨髓毒性药物、接触有毒化学物质、长期或过量暴露于射线是再障的高危因素。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">再障的临床表现</strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">国际上，再障分为重、轻型，我国相应的分型是急性和慢性再障，主要临床表现为贫血、出血及感染。一般没有淋巴结及肝脾肿大。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">1、贫血：</strong>有苍白、乏力、头昏、心悸和气短等症状。急重型者多呈进行性加重，而轻型者呈慢性过程。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">2、感染：</strong>以呼吸道感染最常见，其次有消化道、泌尿生殖道及皮肤粘膜感染等。感染菌种以革兰氏阴性杆菌、葡萄球菌和真菌为主，常合并败血症。急重型者多有发热，体温在39oC以上，个别患者自发病到死亡均处于难以控制的高热之中。轻型者高热比重型少见，感染相对易控制，很少持续1周以上。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">3、出血：</strong>急重型者均有程度不同的皮肤粘膜及内脏出血。皮肤表现为出血点或大片瘀斑，口腔粘膜有血泡，有鼻衄、龈血、眼结膜出血等。深部脏器可见呕血、咯血、便血、尿血，女性有阴道出血，其次为眼底出血和颅内出血，后者常危及患者生命。轻型者出血倾向较轻，以皮肤粘膜出血为主，内脏出血少见。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">虽然大多数再障是原发性的，但仔细询问病史和体格检查仍可提供一些先天性再障和继发性再障线索。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">范科尼贫血患者一般在3-14岁出现临床症状，但有极少数可能出现在30岁以后。在儿童及年轻的患者如果出现身高、咖啡斑及骨骼的异常常提示可能为范科尼贫血。先天性角化不良患者，中位发病年龄约7岁，有黏膜白斑病、指甲营养障碍及皮肤色素沉着。肝炎相关性再障多在发病前2-3个月有黄疸史和肝炎史。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">虽然证据不够确凿，但许多药物及化学物质都和再障的发病存在一定关系。应详细患者发病前6个月内的用药史、化学物及毒物接触史和暴露史。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">再障诊断与分型</strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">1、全血细胞计数、网织红细胞计数、血涂片</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">再障全血细胞计数表现为两系或三系血细胞减少，成熟淋巴细胞比例正常或相对增多。血红蛋白水平、中性粒细胞绝对值及血小板计数成比例的降低，但在再障早期可表现为一系减少，常常是<a class="innerlink" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; transition:0.3s ease-in-out; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); line-height: inherit; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent;" href="http://www.xxb120.cn/" target="_blank">血小板减少</a>。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">贫血常伴网织红细胞减少，多数再障是正细胞正色素性贫血，少部分可见到大红细胞以及红细胞不均一性。中性粒细胞无病态造血，胞浆可见中毒颗粒。血小板数量减少，但涂片中无异常血小板。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">胎儿血红蛋白水平测定对于判断成人再障者是否为遗传性也有重要意义。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">2、骨髓检查</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">骨髓穿刺及骨髓活检是必需的检查。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">多部位(不同平面)骨髓增生减低，可见较多脂肪滴，粒、红系及巨核细胞减少，淋巴细胞及网状细胞、浆细胞比例增高，多数骨髓小粒空虚。红系可见病态造血，不能以此诊断为MDS。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">骨髓活检至少取2cm标本，显示造血组织减少。骨髓活检可以评估细胞比例、残存造血组织情况，及是否存在骨髓浸润、骨髓纤维化等至关重要。多数再障表现为全切片增生减低，少数可见局灶性增生灶。再障患者的骨髓活检中网硬蛋白不增加亦无异常细胞。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">3、诊断与分型</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">诊断：(1)全血细胞减少，网织红细胞&lt;0.01，淋巴细胞比例增高。血象满足至少下列2项：(1)血红蛋白&lt;100g/l(2)血小板&lt;50×109/L(3)中性粒细胞&lt;1.5×109/L。(2)一般无肝脾肿大。(3)骨髓多部位增生减低(&lt;正常的50%)或重度减低(&lt;正常的25%)，造血细胞减少，非造血细胞比例增高，骨髓小粒空虚，骨髓活检示造血组织减少。(4)除外引起全血细胞减少的其它疾病，如急性造血功能停滞、骨髓增生异常综合症、范科尼贫血、PNH、Evans综合征、免疫相关性全血细胞减少、骨髓纤维化、毛细胞白血病、低增生性白血病、间变性T细胞淋巴瘤等。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">分型：(1)重型再障-I型(severe aplastic anemia, SAA-I)：发病急，贫血进行性加重，常伴严重感染或/和出血;血象具备下述三项中两项：网织红细胞&lt;15×l09/L、中性粒细胞&lt;0.5×l09/L[&lt;0.2×l09/L者为极重型(very severe aplastic anemia, VSAA)]、血小板&lt;20×l09/L;骨髓广泛重度减低。(2)重型再障-Ⅱ型(severe aplastic anemia, SAA-Ⅱ)：轻型再障病情恶化，临床、血象及骨髓象达SAA-I型标准。(3)轻型再障：不达SAA-I型、SAA-Ⅱ型标准的再障为轻型再障。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">鉴别诊断</strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 血清维生素B12、叶酸水平及铁含量测定</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">严重的铁缺乏、维生素B12和叶酸不足，亦可引起全血细胞减少。若存在铁、维生素B12和叶酸缺乏，须纠正之后在评价造血功能。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 自身抗体筛选</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">B细胞功能亢进的疾病，如系统性红斑狼疮、免疫相关性血细胞减少症，可以产生抗造血的自身抗体，引发造血功能衰竭。系统性红斑狼疮还可引起骨髓纤维化、疑为系统性红斑狼疮等结缔组织病应检查抗核抗体及抗DNA抗体等。免疫相关性血细胞减少症应检测骨髓细胞膜上自身抗体。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 溶血性疾病</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">最主要的是阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症(PNH)，典型PNH有血红蛋白尿发作，易鉴别。不典型者无血红蛋白尿发作，全血细胞减少，骨髓可增生减低，易误诊为再障。但该病主要特点是：动态随访，终能发现PNH造血克隆。流式细胞术检测CD55、CD59是诊断PNH的敏感方法。部分再障患者会出现少量PNH克隆，可以保持不变、减少、消失或是增加。这是PNH患者的早期表现，还是提示该再障患者易转化为AA-PNH综合征，尚不清楚。但若这些患者有实验室或临床证据表明存在溶血，应诊断为PNH。尿含铁血黄素试验阳性提示存在长期血管内溶血，有利于PNH的诊断。网织红细胞计数、间接胆红素水平、转氨酶和乳酸脱氢酶定量对于评价PNH的溶血有一定作用。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Evans综合征和免疫相关性全血细胞减少症。前者可测及外周成熟血细胞自身抗体，后者可测及骨髓未成熟血细胞自身抗体。这两类血细胞减少患者Th2细胞比例增高、CD5+的B淋巴细胞比例增高、血清IL-4水平增高，对肾上腺皮质激素和/或大剂量静脉丙种球蛋白治疗反应好。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">(4) 骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">MDS，尤其低增生性者，亦有全血细胞减少，网织红细胞有时不高甚至降低，骨髓低增生，易与再障混淆，但MDS有以下特点：粒细胞和巨核细胞病态造血，血片或骨髓涂片中出现异常核分裂象。MDS可伴骨髓纤维化，骨髓活检示网硬蛋白增加，而再障不会伴骨髓纤维化。骨髓活检中灶性的髓系未成熟前体细胞异常定位非MDS所特有，因再障患者骨髓的再生灶时也可以出现不成熟粒细胞。红系病态造血再障中亦可见，不做为与MDS鉴别的依据。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">骨髓细胞遗传学检查对于再障与MDS鉴别很重要，若因骨髓增生低下，细胞数少，难以获得足够的中期分裂象细胞，可以采用FISH。目前推荐的FISH套餐是5q31、CEP7、7q31、CEP8、20q、CEPY和p53。值得注意的是，最近认为有少部分所谓“非典型再障”在诊断时出现了细胞遗传学异常，那么这是真正的再障还是MDS，有待探讨。但是2008年WHO的MDS诊断分型标准中认为，单有-Y，+8或20q-者的难治性血细胞减少者，若无明确病态造血，不能依遗传学异常而诊断为MDS。对此的解释是，这些患者常常对免疫抑制治疗有较好效果，那么这些患者是不是诊断为再障更合适。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">在儿童再障中出现遗传学异常，尤其是+7常提示为MDS。在疾病的过程中可能会出现异常细胞遗传学克隆。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">(5) 低增生性白血病</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">特别是白细胞减少的白血病和低增生性白血病，早期肝、脾、淋巴结不肿大，外周全血细胞减少，易与再障混淆。仔细观察血象及多部位骨髓，可发现原始粒、单、或原(幼)淋巴细胞明显增多。部分急性早幼粒细胞白血病、伴t(8;21)易位的急性粒细胞白血病M2可有全血细胞减少，骨髓分类多可鉴别之。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">(6) 毛细胞白血病</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">会出现全血细胞减少伴单核细胞减少，骨髓常干抽。骨髓活检可见到毛细胞呈“煎蛋”样浸润骨髓间质、网硬蛋白增加。免疫表型显示CD20+，CD11c+，CD25+，FMC7+，CD103+，CD5-，CD10-和CD23-肿瘤细胞。脾肿大常见，毛细胞白血病者经切脾和干扰素治疗能有很好效果。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">(7) 转移性肿瘤</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">肿瘤骨转移可以导致全血细胞减少和骨髓增生减低，但骨髓涂片和活检中能见到转移的肿瘤细胞，有时血片可以见到不成熟造血细胞。骨髓淋巴细胞免疫表型、基因重排可以用于再障增多的淋巴细胞与淋巴瘤骨浸润的鉴别。肿瘤骨转移者骨髓活检常伴骨髓纤维化。详细病史和体格检查能提供肿瘤的一些迹象，并指导相关的肿瘤检查，利于寻找原发病灶和指导治疗。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">(8) 骨髓纤维化</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">常出现全血细胞减少和骨髓增生减低，骨髓常干抽。骨髓活检见到网硬蛋白增加和纤维细胞。骨髓纤维化因出现髓外造血，血涂片可以见到不成熟造血细胞，伴脾肿大，常为巨脾。无脾肿大的骨髓纤维化继发于恶性肿瘤可能性大。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">(9) 急性造血功能停滞</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">常在溶血性贫血、接触某些危险因素或感染发热的患者中发生，全血细胞尤其是红细胞骤然下降，网织红细胞可降至零，骨髓三系减少，与SAA-I型相似。但骨髓涂片尾部可见巨大原始红细胞，在充足支持治疗下呈自限性，约经1月可自然恢复。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">(10) 低增生性急性淋巴细胞白血病</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">占儿童急淋的1%-2%。通常在儿童骨髓衰竭后的3-9个月出现急淋，中性粒细胞减少较<a class="innerlink" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; transition:0.3s ease-in-out; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); line-height: inherit; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent;" href="http://www.xxb120.cn/" target="_blank">血小板减少</a>更严重。有报道儿童重型再障者转化为急淋，这些患者的骨髓衰竭是再障，还是急淋的白血病前期，有待讨论。完善形态学、细胞遗传学和白血病免疫表型有助于确定诊断。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">(11) 先天性再障</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">范科尼贫血(FA)常称为先天性再障，是一种遗传性干细胞质异常性疾病。表现为一系/两系或全血细胞减少、可伴发育异常(皮肤色素沉着、骨骼畸形、器官发育不全等)、高风险发展为MDS、AL及其它各类肿瘤性疾病;实验室检查可发现“范科尼基因”、细胞染色体受丝裂酶素C或DBA试剂作用后极易断裂。因为较大年龄的范科尼贫血病例报道，其筛查的上限年龄尚难确定。先天性角化不良可以通过典型临床特征和基因突变加以鉴别。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">(12) 感染</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">肝炎后再障多发生在肝炎后2-3月的恢复期，且已知的肝炎病原学检查多为阴性。病毒感染，如EBV、CMV很少引起造血功能衰竭，但慢性活动性EBV感染致淋巴细胞增殖性疾病者，会发生造血功能衰竭。微小病毒B19可导致红细胞造血障碍但不会引发再障。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">分支杆菌，尤其是非典型分支杆菌感染会出现全血细胞减少和骨髓增生低下。骨髓检查还可发现肉芽肿、纤维化、骨髓坏死等。嗜酸性坏死常见于非典型结核杆菌感染，结核分枝杆菌感染少有嗜酸性坏死和肉芽肿。疑为结核者，应送骨髓液行分支杆菌培养。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">上文提及的急性造血功能停滞亦常常是呼吸道病毒或细菌感染所诱发。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">(13) 严重营养不良</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">神经性厌食或是长时间饥饿可能与全血细胞减少有关。由于脂肪细胞和造血细胞减少骨髓涂片显示细胞少并且形成胶状，基质HE染色显示为淡粉色。在再障中可见不同程度的脂肪变性，尤其是早期演变阶段。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">再障的治疗</strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">1、支持疗法</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">再障患者输注红细胞和血小板对于维持血细胞计数是必需的。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">输血以能改善患者贫血症状，缓解缺氧状态为宜，无需将血红蛋白水平纠正至正常值。一般在Hb&lt;60g/L时输注，或伴有难以耐受的贫血症状。老年(&gt;65岁)、代偿反应能力受限(如伴有心肺疾患)、需氧量增加(如感染、发热、疼痛等)、氧气供应缺乏加重(如失血、肺炎等)，这些情况下，可放宽输注阈值，不必Hb&lt;60g/L。尽量输注输红细胞，全血无红细胞时可以考虑，具体量随病情而定。即使再障患者白细胞或/及血小板数减少，其贫血都应该输浓缩红细胞，而不是输全血。有发生心力衰竭风险者，控制输注速度，2～4小时予以1个单位红细胞(最好是浓缩红细胞)，可适当予以利尿剂。拟行异基因造血干细胞移植者应输注经辐照后的红细胞和血小板。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">建议存在血小板消耗危险因素者[感染、出血、使用抗生素或抗胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白/抗淋巴细胞免疫球蛋白(ATG/ALG)等]或急性期的重型再障者预防性输注点为20×109/L，而病情稳定者预防性输注点为10×109/L。活动性出血可能发展为大出血，应输注浓缩血小板。已发生严重出血，内脏如胃肠道出血、血尿，或伴有头痛、呕吐、颅压增高的症状，颅内出血时，应即刻输注浓缩血小板。输注单采或浓缩血小板。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">应尽量减少输血，延长输血间期，避免发生输血性血色病。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">为减少同种异体免疫、输血传播性疾病的风险，建议输注去除白细胞的红细胞和血小板。产生抗血小板抗体，导致无效输注者应输注HLA配型相合的的血小板。家庭成员之间直接供应血及血小板是可以使受血者被致敏，而对家庭成员造血干细胞供者发生移植物排斥反应风险显著增高。但患者产生多种HLA抗体而又急需血小板，而某个家庭成员能够提供最相合的血小板，可以作为例外情况紧急输注用。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">预防出血除输注血小板外，使用保持口腔卫生、口服止血药物、雄激素激素控制月经等措施，也有所帮助。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">骨髓移植者及受者的CMV均为阴性，则应继续予患者输注CMV阴性的血液制品。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">ATG治疗期间及治疗后是否一定要输注辐照血制品尚缺乏循证医学证据。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">对于粒缺患者危及生命者可以输注白细胞，粒细胞输注辅助抗生素治疗可取得较好的疗效。粒细胞输注的治疗量为最少1次1×1010/次，可使成人的血液循环中白细胞增加2×109左右。粒细胞输注的指征为：中性粒细胞持续&lt;0.5×10<sup style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; top: -0.5em; line-height: 0; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; box-sizing: border-box;">9</sup>/L，不能控制的细菌和真菌感染或伴感染征象患者经广谱抗生素及抗真菌等治疗48小时以上仍无疗效，骨髓髓系细胞低增生。粒细胞半衰期短(6～8小时)，需连续输注，一般为5～7天。输注粒细胞愈多，在感染灶内分布亦愈多，效果愈好，故应保证数量足够。白细胞输注相关并发症如发热、HLA同种异体免疫反应和输血相关性肺损伤等应被确切关注和预防。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">2、造血生长因子</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">仅使用G-CSF、EPO等造血生长因子对再障患者行促造血治疗，临床无显著效果，因此而延误免疫抑制治疗或骨髓移植等有效治疗手段很不值得。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">皮下注射G-CSF 5μg/kg/d，可能刺激骨髓中残留的粒细胞或者粒细胞的功能，但不推荐将GM-CSF应用于再障患者重症感染的治疗，因为其可能导致严重出血及其他严重毒性反应。G-CSF对造血干/祖细胞有动员作用，而造血细胞进入细胞周期后对免疫因素损伤敏感性增加，有鉴于此，长期大量使用G-CSF应在使用了足够的免疫抑制治疗的前提下。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">初步资料显示IST联合G-CSF或/和EPO治疗重型再障能够减少感染几率，最终提高生存率，值得进行多中心前瞻性对照研究。但是长期使用造血生长因子的安全性尚未建立。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">IL-11或TPO在再障患者中促进巨核细胞和血小板生长的作用仍有待证实。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">3、其他保护措施</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">预防感染应注意饮食及环境卫生，重型再障保护性隔离;避免出血，防止外伤及剧烈活动;杜绝接触危险因素，包括对骨髓有损伤作用和抑制血小板功能的药物;必要的心理护理。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">再障患者可以发生细菌、病毒及真菌感染。重型再障患者由于严重和长期的中性粒细胞减少可以发生致命性的曲霉菌感染。对于中性粒细胞&lt;0.2×109/L者需预防性应用抗生素及抗真菌药物并且注意饮食避免细菌及真菌污染。中性粒细胞(0.2-0.5)×109/L者预防用药利弊尚难确定，依患者既往感染情况定。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">重型再障患者应住院被单独隔离，有条件者可使用层流病房。定期口腔护理，如洗必泰清洁口腔。预防性应用抗生素及抗真菌药物：联合两种口服不吸收的抗生素如新霉素和多粘菌素或喹诺酮类抗生素。但应注意喹诺酮可能耐药和诱发对其他药物的耐药。环丙沙星可以引起白细胞减少，这亦不利于感染的治疗。儿童患者没有预防性应用抗生素的标准方案，喹诺酮类抗生素不能应用于儿童，可以使用头孢菌素。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">再障患者真菌感染的预防应包括曲霉菌在内，应选择有足够血药浓度和抗菌活性的药物，如伊曲康唑口服液。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">移植的再障患者及ATG治疗者应予以预防性抗病毒治疗，如阿昔洛韦。骨髓移植后需预防性抗肺囊虫治疗，如SMZco，但ATG治疗者不必常规应用。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">与再障患者积极沟通，和其家人、朋友一起为提供心理方面支持。由于再障是慢性经过，且对治疗反应慢易在疾病早期给患者造成压力。病情恢复超过6个月以上，应向患者及家属说明有时恢复可以是一年或更长，延迟恢复并不少见，鼓励患者坚持治疗，不能放弃或随意改用其他不适合的方法/药物。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">4、治疗感染</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">再障患者发热需要立即住院治疗，应按照中性粒细胞减少发热的治疗原则来处理患者。发热患者应行肺部和鼻窦的检查，包括X线片和CT扫描。肺部和鼻窦感染者常存在真菌感染。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">一般抗生素推荐联合应用抗生素，如β-内酰胺类抗生素+氨基糖苷类，有培养结果后，依药敏情况再选择针对性抗生素。药物的选择还应参考既往患者的感染史和抗生素应用情况。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">持续发热者则早期应用全身性抗真菌治疗。再障患者中性粒细胞减少时间长，一旦出现曲霉菌感染则很难治愈。诊断为真菌感染者应全身性使用一线抗真菌药物，怀疑真菌感染、或既往有真菌感染史亦应全身性使用一线抗真菌药物。两性霉素一般不做长期应用，以避免其肾毒性，应该选择脂质体两性霉素，或能够覆盖曲霉菌的三唑类、棘白霉素类抗真菌药物。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">5、再障的疾病治疗</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">再障罕有自愈者，一旦确诊，应明确疾病严重程度，在专业中心进行恰当的处理措施，对疾病治疗开展得越早越好。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">新诊断的再障患者，若是重型再障，标准疗法是有HLA相合的同胞供体行同种异体骨髓移植，或联合抗人胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白(ATG)和环孢菌素(cyclosporin A, CsA)的免疫抑制治疗(immunosuppressive therapy, IST)。近年来，重型再障行HLA相合无关供者移植取得长足进展，可以用于ATG和CsA治疗无效的年轻重型再障患者。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">骨髓移植或IST前必须控制出血及感染，在感染或未控制出血情况下行骨髓移植或IST风险很大。感染是再障常见的死因，由于再障患者中性粒细胞缺乏短期之内难以恢复，在有活动性感染，如肺部感染时，行骨髓移植或IST可以为患者提供的造血干/祖细胞，或纠正异常免疫，从而为再障患者赢得恢复造血可能的机会。延迟移植会加重肺部感染。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 免疫抑制治疗(immunosuppressive therapy, IST)</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">重症再障应在能够提供必要的安全保障，有ATG使用经验的医护人员，包括能够认识和处理ATG的不良反应。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">泼尼松龙不应用于再障患者的治疗。糖皮质激素治疗效果差，且易诱发细菌、真菌感染。再障患者常有血小板严重减少，糖皮质激素会诱发或加重消化道出血。大量、长期使用糖皮质激素会引起股骨头坏死。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">重型再障ATG联合CsA的IST有效率在60%-80%，5年生存率大约75%-85%，重型再障患者单用ATG、CsA的无病生存及有效率明显低于ATG联合CsA。轻型再障患者ATG和CsA联合治疗生存率及有效率明显高于单用CsA者。ATG联合CsA多在3-4个月后才起效。CsA长期维持和缓慢减量复发率可降至10%左右。有报道再障患者IST后可能出现迟发性克隆性疾病，包括PNH、MDS、AML、实体肿瘤。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">ATG联合CsA的IST治疗适用于：(1)输血依赖的轻型再障患者;(2)非输血依赖的轻型再障患者，粒缺有感染风险;(3)重型再障。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">非输血依赖且血细胞计数在安全范围内的轻型再障再障患者，可以选择CsA治疗。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">① IST使用方法</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">ATG是强效免疫抑制剂，有抗血小板活性，再障患者应用ATG需要密切监测，积极预防和治疗发热和感染，保证足够的血小板计数，一般在20×109/L以上。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">目前国内市场用于再障治疗的ATG主要有：猪ATG，剂量在20-30mg/kg/d;兔ATG(即复宁，健赞)，剂量在2.5-3.5mg/kg/d。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">ATG需应用5天，每天通过静脉输注12-18个小时。兔ATG先将2.5mg或猪ATG 25mg加到100ml 生理盐水中静脉滴注&gt;1小时行静脉试验，观察是否有严重全身反应或是过敏反应，发生者则ATG不能输注。猪ATG常备有皮试用药，但多呈阳性。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">每天用ATG之前30分钟先静滴糖皮质激素和口服抗组胺药物。每日糖皮质激素应用总量以泼尼松1mg/kg/d换算为甲泼尼松龙、地塞米松或氢化考的松，经另一静脉通道与ATG同步输注。急性副作用包括超敏反应、发热、僵直、皮疹、高血压或低血压及液体潴留。患者床旁应备气管切开包、肾上腺素。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">用药期间尽量维持血小板计数在&gt;20×109/L，输ATG之前应该保证血小板足够数量，不能在输注ATG的同时输注血小板。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">血清病一般出现在ATG治疗后的第7到14天。因此糖皮质激素足量用至15天，随后减量，2周后减完。出现血清病者，症状包括关节痛、肌痛、皮疹、轻度蛋白尿和<a class="innerlink" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; transition:0.3s ease-in-out; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); line-height: inherit; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent;" href="http://www.xxb120.cn/" target="_blank">血小板减少</a>，则静脉应用激素冲击治疗，每日总量以泼尼松1mg/kg/d换算为氢化可的松或甲泼尼松龙给予，根据患者情况调整激素用量和疗程。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">CsA口服3-5mg/kg/d，可以与ATG联合治疗，一同开始，或在停用糖皮质激素后，即ATG后4周使用。CsA一般目标血药浓度(谷浓度)是成人150-250μg/l、儿童100-150μg/l。CsA治疗再障的具体血药浓度并不明确，治疗浓度窗比较大，需要个体化调整浓度，兼顾疗效和药物不良反应。儿童再障研究发现高浓度的CsA不能相应提高疗效，反而增加了药物毒性。CsA减量过快会增加复发风险，一般推荐疗效达平台期后持续服药至少12个月，随后缓慢减药，每月减量不超过10%。服用CsA期间应定期检测血压、肝肾功能。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">第一次ATG治疗无效或是复发患者推荐第二次使用ATG治疗。两次间隔不能少于3个月，最好6个月，因为多数患者3-6个月左右才显示疗效。前次治疗疗效佳者，再次治疗多数依然敏感，但疗效不良者再次治疗起效可能不大。第二个疗程ATG，一般选择另一来源的ATG，以减少过敏反应和血清病机会。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">② IST在老年患者中的应用</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">ATG治疗再障无年龄限制，但老年再障患者治疗前要评估合并症，排除低增生性MDS。老年再障患者使用ATG治疗增加出血、感染和心血管事件的风险，需要评价循环衰竭、肝脏毒性、高血脂、不可逆行糖耐量受损和前列腺损害等方面的问题。CsA治疗鉴于肾毒性和高血压的风险，建议血药浓度在100-150μg/L之间。加用雄激素对于老年患者会有一定帮助。对于不适宜IST治疗的老年患者应给予最佳的支持治疗。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">③ 疗效判断</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">由于难以对比有效率，因此以前没有公认的免疫抑制治疗疗效判定标准。新的疗效评定标准近期被再障专家委员会所认可，疗效评判应该是没有使用造血因子的患者，至少间隔4周的两次或更多次血细胞计数。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">④ ATG治疗后的随访</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">接受ATG和CsA治疗的患者应密切随访，定期查血常规以便发现复发或是演变为克隆性疾病如PNH、MDS和AML。ATG治疗后3-4个月应该筛查PNH。如果血细胞计数和血涂片提示复发或其他异常则应进一步做骨髓遗传学检查。仔细检查血片有助于发现MDS。建议所有的患者每年进行PNH筛查。再障患者应该定期随访，了解是否复发或是演变为克隆性疾病如MDS、白血病、PNH和实体肿瘤。儿童患者达到成人阶段后转入成人管理模式继续随访。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 异基因造血干细胞移植</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">初诊再障患者首选同胞异基因骨髓移植应符合下列条件：(1)重症或极重症再障患者;(2)年龄&lt;30岁;(3)有HLA相合的同胞供者。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">重型再障同胞相合骨髓移植治疗后长期生存约75%-90%。以环磷酰胺和ATG预处理，植入失败率约4%-14%。虽然急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)较少见，慢性GVHD达30%-40%，成为影响患者远期生活质量的主要问题。移植前应用免疫抑制剂治疗可增加移植排斥反应。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">HLA相合同胞骨髓移植重型再障的年龄上限尚存在争议，与年龄小于30岁者比较，年龄大于30岁者效果差，40岁以上更差。年龄在30-40岁之间的患者是用ATG联合CsA行IST，还是骨髓移植依患者经济状况、心理状况及所获得的医疗条件定。年龄超过40岁的重型再障，在ATG联合CsA治疗失败后，采用HLA相合同胞骨髓移植，鉴于移植风险增加，建议于有经验的中心进行。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">推荐使用骨髓干细胞而非G-CSF动员的外周血干细胞，外周血干细胞移植在年轻患者更易发生慢性GVHD，生存率方面明显低于骨髓干细胞移植。儿童同胞供者获取骨髓干细胞较外周血干细胞更为容易，且可以避免应用G-CSF。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">回输细胞建议至少3×108单个核细胞/kg，CD34+细胞至少3×106/kg。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">性别的影响最近被一项大型回顾性研究所评估，供受者性别一致的生存率较供受者性别不匹配明显增高，男受者女供者严重GVHD风险增加，而女受者男供者则移植物排斥风险增加。预处理应用ATG有助于消除供/受者间性别不一致所带来的负面影响。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">与骨髓移植相比，脐带血移植发生急慢性GVHD的风险更低。没有HLA相合同胞供者或全相合无关供者的儿童患者也可以考虑做脐带血移植。成人再障患者目前正在试行双份脐带血移植，面临的最主要问题是植入失败。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">① 年龄&lt;30岁患者的预处理</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">标准方案是大剂量环磷酰胺50mg/kg/d×4(第-5到-2天)和兔ATG(即复宁在2.5mg./kg/d×3-4天)，甲泼尼松龙2mg/kg×3(第-5到-3天)。(甲泼尼松龙通常不用于儿科骨髓移植患者)。推荐的移植后免疫抑制治疗为：(1)CsA5mg/kg/d分两次口服，从-1天开始持续服12个月第9个月起减量预防迟发移植失败;(2)短期应用甲氨喋呤15mg/m2第+1天，10mg/m2第+3、+6、+11天。近来有研究提示ATG、甲氨喋呤在预防排斥、GVHD和提高生存率方面的优势并不明显，可能不是预处理和移植后免疫抑制所必需。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">② 年龄&gt;30岁患者的预处理</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">30-50岁间重型再障目前尚无最佳预处理方案。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">年龄&gt;40岁者应该接受减低强度的预处理：环磷酰胺1200mg/m2、氟达拉滨120mg/m2联合ATG或是抗CD52单抗。30-40岁的患者可以考虑采用类似方案。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">使用照射做预处理虽然能降低排斥反应，但对生存率没有影响而且增加以后患实体瘤的风险及引起不孕不育，也会影响到儿童的正常生长和发育，因此，不推荐照射做预处理。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">大剂量环磷酰胺预处理者骨髓移植后生育能力通常正常或接近正常，不必在移植前保存精子。以福达拉滨做预处理者，目前尚缺乏对生育影响资料，建议移植前告知患者，是否保存精子或卵细胞。非照射预处理者，继发肿瘤的风险很低。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">再障患者骨髓移植后易发生迟发性植入失败，此时嵌合状态检测受者细胞比例&gt;10%或&gt;15%持续增加超过3个月，可能与CsA停药过早或药物浓度不够有关。推荐治疗剂量的CsA需要持续服用9个月，然后在3个月内逐渐减量至停药。CsA血药浓度成人维持在250-350μg/L，儿童在150-250μg/L。CsA减量期间应该检测嵌合情况，若PCR法嵌合度显示受者细胞比例增加则移植物排斥风险增加，此时CsA不可减量。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">③ 无关供者骨髓移植</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">满足下列标准的患者可以考虑相合的无关供体骨髓移植：</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">a、有完全相合(在DNA水平Ⅰ类抗原和Ⅱ类抗原)供者</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">b、年龄&lt;50岁者(若50-60岁间，须一般状况良好)</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">c、重症或极重症再障患者</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">d、没有HLA相合的同胞供者</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">e、至少一次ATG和CsA联合治疗失败</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">f、骨髓移植时没有活动性感染和出血</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">无论给予患者相合的无关供者骨髓移植或是第2次ATG治疗都需要慎重考虑，尤其是临床症状较轻的患者。由于近5-10年相合的无关供者骨髓移植治疗获得性再障的疗效有了明显改善，无关供者骨髓移植可以不再作为两疗程ATG治疗无效的最后补救措施。持续应用ATG治疗无效者，易感染发生脓毒血症、铁超负荷致患者一般状况持续恶化，导致移植成功率的降低。鉴于再障的无关供体骨髓移植的特殊风险，需要在有相关经验的中心进行移植。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">目前推荐年轻患者的预处理为(1)环磷酰胺300mg/m2×4;(2)福达拉滨30 mg/m2×4;(3)ATG 3.75mg/kg×4(或是阿伦单抗0.2mg/kg至最大剂量10mg/kg×5);(4)CsA1mg/kg/d第-6天到-2天，后改为2mg/kg/d第-1天到+20天其后改为8mg/kg/d口服;(5)如果用ATG代替阿伦单抗，则甲氨喋呤10mg/m2+1天，8 mg/m2第+3、+6天。老年患者减少ATG用量加用200cGy全身照射。目前骨髓移植治疗重症再障专家组建议在儿童及年轻患者中避免照射，即使是低剂量照射也应避免，代之以氟达拉滨。老年患者给予低剂量的照射可能对降低排斥反应有益。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">最少要给患者输注来自骨髓的3×108/kg的单个核细胞。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 其他药物</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">① 无骨髓移植的大剂量环磷酰胺</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">无骨髓移植的大剂量环磷酰胺(45mg/kg×4)治疗初诊的再障患者，与经典的ATG和CsA联合治疗组相比，由于环磷酰胺导致早期死亡及全身感染使得研究早期终止。大剂量环磷酰胺引起患者全血细胞减少期延长而导致输血及血小板增加、住院天数及抗生素和两性霉素用量增加。对ATG耐药的患者，约70%应用大剂量环磷酰胺有效，但是并不能消除复发、存在的PNH克隆及演变为迟发MDS的危险。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">由于其严重的毒性及高致死率，大剂量环磷酰胺不能用于不做骨髓移植的初诊患者或是ATG联合CsA治疗失败的患者。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">麦考酚酸吗乙酯(MMF)能够抑制B和T淋巴细胞增殖，已被应用于治疗和预防器官移植的排斥反应和治疗自身免疫性疾病如溃疡性结肠炎、类风湿关节炎和系统性硬化症。对于该药的研究主要集中于治疗复发性再障，多个中心的研究表明麦考酚酸吗乙酯对治疗复发性再障无效。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">普乐可复(FK506)与CsA抑制T细胞活化的信号通路相同，也更强。FK506的肾毒性小于CsA，且无牙龈增生，因此被用来替换CsA用于再障的治疗，初步效果令人鼓舞，值得临床探索。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">雷帕酶素在抑制T细胞免疫与CsA有协同作用，但是最新的临床研究显示，在ATG+CsA基础上加用雷帕酶素不能提高患者的治疗反应率。雷帕酶素+CsA治疗难治/复发再障的研究正在开展。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">抗CD52单抗正在临床试验中。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">雄激素可以刺激骨髓红系造血，减轻女性月经出血，是再障治疗的基础用药。在我国创用大剂量雄激素治疗再障后，女性再障因子宫出血死亡极大地下降。雄激素有肝脏毒性，产期使用有肝癌报道，应定期检测肝功能和肝脏超声。对于女性患者，要说明雄激素有男性化作用。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">6、再障患者出现异常细胞遗传学克隆时的处理</strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">少部分再障患者在诊断时存在细胞遗传学克隆异常，常见的有：+8、+6、5q-和7号及13号染色体异常。一般异常克隆仅占总分裂相的很小部分，可能为一过性，可以自行消失或经免疫抑制治疗后消失。一些研究显示有无上述遗传学异常的再障对免疫抑制治疗的反应类似，染色体三体患者的IST疗效较正常者往往更好。有研究发现，获得性+8染色体患者免疫抑制治疗效果很好，而-7染色体者预后差且易演变为白血病。对于-7染色体患者，行彻底清髓的移植可能使患者受益。对其他异常核型来说尚无资料支持这一做法。儿童患者发现-7要按照MDS来治疗。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">有异常核型的再障患者应该每隔6-12个月做一次骨髓细胞遗传学分析。如果出现病态造血或是分化异常则可以考虑早期移植。异常分裂相增多可能提示疾病转化。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">7、伴有明显PNH克隆的再障患者出现临床和/实验室溶血证据时的处理</strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">在再障患者中很容易通过流式细胞仪检测到少量PNH克隆，患者骨髓细胞减少但并不出现溶血。通常仅单核细胞和中性粒细胞单独受累，并且仅占很小部分。PNH是在不断变化的，可以增加、减少或保持不变。推荐对这些患者的处理参照无PNH克隆的再障患者。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">伴有明显PNH克隆(&gt;50%)的再障患者仍可以ATG治疗，但治疗期间溶血和血清病的发生危险增加，在ATG治疗的第一天开始应用泼尼松龙2mg/kg可降低其发生率。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">仅对进展为重症再障的PNH患者或是出现多发且危及患者生命静脉血栓的PNH患者可以行HLA相合同胞供者骨髓移植。Eculizumab应用降低静脉血栓形成可能使严重血栓患者免于行骨髓移植。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">我国PNH患者的血栓形成几率较西方低，伴有显著PNH克隆(&gt;50%)的患者何时开始抗凝尚不确定。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">部分再障患者晚期可以进展为PNH，反之PNH患者晚期可以进展为再障，表现为AA-PNH综合征或PNH-AA综合征。这些患者治疗以针对PNH为主，兼顾再障。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box;">8、妊娠再障患者的处理</strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">再障可以发生于妊娠过程中，可能是偶然合并，或与妊娠相关。，有些患者需要支持治疗，部分患者妊娠结束后会自行缓解。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">再障患者妊娠后，在孕期疾病可能进展，尤其是IST后缓解者复发风险会很大。异基因骨髓移植成功的患者，妊娠不增加复发风险。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">近期一项对36名接受过IST的再障妊娠研究发现，有近半孕妇发生了涉及孕母和/或胎儿的并发症：5例早产、3例流产(其中1例为自然流产)，但所有活产儿都发育正常;2例孕妇发生子痫、两例孕妇产后死亡。19%再障复发，14%在妊娠期间需要输血。妊娠前血细胞计数正常并不能保证妊娠期间再障不复发。跟患者及其家人讨论孕妇和胎儿潜在的一系列风险是很重要的。告知其相关风险后由患者最终决定是继续妊娠还是终止妊娠。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">由于预防措施较数十年前有了很大改善，许多再障患者可以安全度过妊娠期。有单中心研究报告显示，14名患者仅通过支持治疗，输血维持血红蛋白&gt;80g/L、血小板&gt;20×109/L，无1例孕妇死亡。对于妊娠再障患者主要是给予支持治疗，如果可能应通过输注血小板维持患者血小板计数在20×109/L以上。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">虽然有1例报道在妊娠晚期重症再障患者使用ATG治疗后孕母产下正常健康婴儿，但是妊娠期间使用ATG是危险的，故一般不推荐妊娠使用ATG。肾移植经验表明，应用CsA是安全，妊娠患者可以考虑CsA治疗。而且对一般人口的调查表明CsA不增加致畸型风险。如果患者需要输血或是血细胞计数下降很快需要输血支持，推荐开始口服CsA治疗5mg/kg/d维持血药浓度在150-250μg/l之间。CsA起效很慢，一般在6-12周。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">最后，妊娠期间应该严密监测患者自身情况和血象情况，但到后期应该更加频繁，评估患者疾病严重程度，必需和产科及全科医生保持密切联系。由产科医生决定结束妊娠的方式。</p>]]></description><category>再障治疗记录</category><comments>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3300.html#comment</comments><wfw:commentRss>https://blog.xuekang.net/feed.asp?cmt=3300</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>国内外专家齐聚首届中国滤泡性淋巴瘤大会</title><author>a@b.com (yatao)</author><link>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3299.html</link><pubDate>Wed, 23 Feb 2022 14:07:16 +0800</pubDate><guid>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3299.html</guid><description><![CDATA[<p>2022年2月19日，由中国抗癌协会血液肿瘤专委会主办，厦门大学附属第一医院承办，金域医学协办的首届中国滤泡性淋巴瘤大会暨中国滤泡淋巴瘤工作组会议在厦门隆重召开。国内外淋巴瘤领域专家通过线上线下的形式，围绕滤泡性淋巴瘤(FL)目前诊疗的热点和难点，以及最新临床科研进展进行了深入的解读与探讨，旨在提高对FL的认知，推动FL规范化诊疗。小编将此次大会的主要精彩内容整理如下，以飨读者。</p><center><img width="4096" height="2399" title="2.jpg" alt="大会现场.jpg" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/2/2022022352375269.jpg" border="1"/></center><p>首届中国滤泡性淋巴瘤大会 会议现场</p><p>肇始之年 滤泡淋巴瘤工作组取得良好成绩</p><p>FL是最常见的惰性B细胞淋巴瘤，起源于生发中心。随着对疾病认识的深入和新型药物的临床应用，中国FL的诊治取得了长足的进展。近年来，中国FL患者的生存期已接近西方国家的报道数据。但FL仍存在许多亟待解决的问题。本着“提高FL的科研水平，推动FL的早诊断、规范化诊疗，缩短中国FL诊疗与欧美国家的差距”的初心和责任，在厦门大学附属第一医院徐兵教授的发起下，2021年1月中国抗癌协会血液肿瘤专业委员会中国滤泡淋巴瘤工作组成立。</p><p>开局之年，工作组在全国同仁的共同努力协作下，首次总结了中国滤泡性淋巴瘤人群的真实世界研究成果，并发表于血液学顶级期刊“Journal of 
Hematology &amp; 
Oncology”。同时，工作组由成立之初的30多位委员，到目前国内近90名知名专家学者组成，覆盖全国各地，有利于后续工作组在各个省份开展工作。</p><p>“这一成绩有目共睹”，工作组组长、厦门大学第一附属医院徐兵教授表示，“下一步还会进行更多临床研究和总结，积极推动中国FL的规范化诊治;推广FL的规范化诊疗;并开展包括FL肿瘤微环境、CAR-T、MRD监测、新药研发等研究，推动临床转化研究。”</p><p>哈尔滨血液病肿瘤研究所马军教授、四川省肿瘤医院林桐榆教授、北京大学肿瘤医院朱军教授、江苏省人民医院李建勇教授、中国医学科学院血液学研究所血液病医院邱录贵教授、华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院周剑峰教授等专家(排名不分先后，按照大会出场顺序排序)在致辞中，纷纷给予了在徐兵教授带领下的中国滤泡淋巴瘤工作组这一年的成绩的充分肯定。他们共同希望，工作组能“行而不辍”，在临床研究和科研方面继续努力，开展前瞻性研究，制定符合中国国情的滤泡性淋巴瘤诊疗规范及指南研究，缩短与国外的差距;在全国各省落地工作组的工作中，推动基层FL规范化诊治和全程化管理。</p><center><img width="1920" height="1080" title="1.jpg" alt="1、哈尔滨血液研究所马军教授致辞.jpg" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/2/2022022352415677.jpg" border="1"/></center><p>哈尔滨血液病肿瘤研究所马军教授致辞</p><center><img width="1920" height="1080" title="1.jpg" alt="2、四川省肿瘤医院林桐榆教授.jpg" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/2/2022022352437989.jpg" border="1"/></center><p>四川省肿瘤医院林桐榆教授致辞</p><center><img width="1920" height="1080" title="1.jpg" alt="3、北京大学肿瘤医院朱军教授致辞.jpg" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/2/2022022352459413.jpg" border="1"/></center><p>北京大学肿瘤医院朱军教授致辞</p><center><img width="1920" height="1080" title="1.jpg" alt="4、江苏省人民医院李建勇教授致辞.jpg" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/2/2022022352484005.jpg" border="1"/></center><p>江苏省人民医院李建勇教授致辞</p><center><img width="1920" height="1080" title="1.jpg" alt="5、中国医学科学院血液学研究所血液病医院邱录贵教授致辞.jpg" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/2/2022022352507161.jpg" border="1"/></center><p>中国医学科学院血液学研究所血液病医院邱录贵教授致辞</p><center><img width="1920" height="1080" title="1.jpg" alt="6、华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院周剑峰教授致辞.jpg" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/2/2022022352533865.jpg" border="1"/></center><p>华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院周剑峰教授致辞</p><p>会上，金域医学正式加入中国滤泡淋巴瘤工作组，成为常务理事单位及公共检测服务平台。依托“大平台、大网络、大服务、大样本和大数据”等核心资源优势，以及助力多个国家级疾病联盟全国落地的经验，金域医学将携手中国滤泡淋巴瘤工作组的其他单位成员，共同推动工作组的工作有序开展。</p><center><img width="3993" height="2605" title="3&amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;副本.jpg" alt="金域医学成为中国滤泡淋巴瘤工作组的常务理事单位及公共检测服务平台.jpg" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/2/2022022352547941.jpg" border="1"/></center><p>金域医学成为中国滤泡淋巴瘤工作组的常务理事单位及公共检测服务平台</p><p>百花齐放 滤泡性淋巴瘤学术盛宴精彩纷呈</p><p>会上，多位淋巴瘤领域专家先后结合自身临床经验分享了FL患者预后、不同疾病阶段FL患者的诊治、病理诊断等专题的前沿研究进展。</p><p>Novel agents and regimens for lymphoma</p><p>美国纽约医学院、威彻斯特医学中心刘德龙教授指出，随着临床技术的进步及新药的研发水平的提升，淋巴瘤治疗领域的新型方法发展迅速，包括自体造血干细胞移植(ASCT)、CAR-T、新型免疫治疗药物(例如双特异性T细胞接合器[BiTE]与抗体-药物偶联物[ADC])等。ASCT治疗淋巴瘤仍然是非常实用的方法，而新型治疗方法的联合方案治疗淋巴瘤的时代将会很快到来。</p><center><img width="1920" height="1080" title="1.png" alt="7、美国纽约医学援、威彻斯特医学中心刘德龙.png" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/2/2022022352576413.png" border="1"/></center><p>美国纽约医学院、威彻斯特医学中心刘德龙教授进行专题分享</p><p>滤泡性淋巴瘤预后分层及中国滤泡性淋巴瘤患者的预后模型</p><p>江苏省人民医院李建勇教授表示，FL是最常见的惰性淋巴瘤，预计中位生存期为8-10年，部分患者可转化为侵袭性弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)，且FL患者一线治疗后24个月内疾病进展(POD24)预后较差，因此如何识别高危FL显得尤为重要。目前，在针对FL的风险分层模型中，有些模型在“无化疗”时代已不适用，亟待进一步改善。更准确、适用于新药时代、并能指导临床方案选择的预后模型仍有待进一步探索。</p><center><img width="1920" height="1080" title="1.jpg" alt="8、江苏省人民医院李建勇.jpg" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/2/2022022352600145.jpg" border="1"/></center><p>江苏省人民医院李建勇教授进行专题分享</p><p>初诊滤泡淋巴瘤的一线治疗选择</p><p>北京大学肿瘤医院朱军教授指出，FL的一线规范治疗有助于改善患者的预后。就如何“个体化”选择适合患者的一线治疗方案分享了他的宝贵经验。FL一线治疗获得有效缓解的患者，可通过PET-CT或者MRD的监测来指导后续的维持治疗，这是今后研究的方向。朱军教授同时指出，FL诊疗已进入新时代，近几年新药的出现为FL患者提供了更多的治疗选择。以新一代的CD20单抗-奥妥珠单抗为例，其与CHOP、苯达莫司汀等治疗方案的联合为患者带来了良好疗效。</p><center><img width="1920" height="1080" title="1.jpg" alt="9、北京大学肿瘤医院朱军.jpg" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/2/2022022352618801.jpg" border="1"/></center><p>北京大学肿瘤医院朱军教授进行专题分享</p><p>伴有大B成分的滤泡性淋巴瘤的特点和治疗进展</p><p>美国杜克大学医学中心何旭华教授从病理学角度，探讨了滤泡性淋巴瘤相对侵袭亚型的临床病理特征，如FL3b、合并高KI67指数、CD5+、合并TP53突变或肿瘤微环境合并M2亚型的滤泡性淋巴瘤。何旭华教授通过详述这些亚型的临床病理特征，提示临床医生需注意不同滤泡性淋巴瘤患者的病理特征，提高对这些亚型的认识并进行规范化治疗。</p><center><img width="1920" height="1080" title="1.jpg" alt="10、美国杜克大学何旭华.jpg" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/2/2022022352638989.jpg" border="1"/></center><p>美国杜克大学何旭华教授进行专题分享</p><p>Diagnosis and Treatment of Follicular Lymphoma in Korea</p><p>成均馆大学医学院三星医学中心血液肿瘤学分院的Won Seog 
Kim教授分享了韩国滤泡性淋巴瘤的治疗经验，从FL流行病学、分期分级、分层治疗以及未来挑战等方面进行了详细阐述。</p><center><img width="1920" height="1080" title="1.jpg" alt="图片11 seog教授 图片.jpg" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/2/2022022352658225.jpg" border="1"/></center><p>成均馆大学医学院三星医学中心血液肿瘤学分院Won Seog Kim教授进行专题分享</p><p>难治复发淋巴瘤的治疗进展</p><p>厦门大学附属第一医院的徐兵教授探讨了难治复发FL治疗的最新进展。从FL的发病机制、难治复发FL的治疗策略等方面阐述了对FL的新认识，展望了未来FL在免疫治疗、靶向治疗中的前景。 
徐兵教授表示双抗在FL中取得了很好的疗效，如Mosunetuzumab联合来那度胺方案与Glofit单药或者联合奥妥珠单抗的方案等，双抗治疗有可能和CAR-T治疗形成互补或竞争。新药时代的到来，不同药物的组合及细胞治疗为FL患者带来了新的治疗希望。</p><center><img width="1920" height="1080" title="1.jpg" alt="12、厦门大学附属第一医院徐兵.jpg" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/2/2022022352679177.jpg" border="1"/></center><p>厦门大学附属第一医院徐兵教授进行专题分享</p><p>滤泡性淋巴瘤病理诊断的挑战和对策</p><p>复旦大学附属肿瘤医院的李小秋教授同样从病理角度，探讨了FL病理诊断的7大难点和热点。包括滤泡性淋巴瘤与反应性滤泡增生的鉴别诊断要点、空芯针穿刺活检(CNB)带来的风险与困难、BCL2阴性滤泡性淋巴瘤的病理特征，滤泡性淋巴瘤与边缘区淋巴瘤病理鉴别诊断要点等，系统梳理了滤泡性淋巴瘤病理诊断的规范化流程，同时强调诊断时应结合临床表现、组织学形态、免疫表型和遗传分子特征进行综合判断。</p><center><img width="1920" height="1080" title="1.jpg" alt="13、复旦大学附属肿瘤医院李小秋.jpg" src="https://blog.xuekang.net/zb_users/upload/2022/2/2022022352700849.jpg" border="1"/></center><p>复旦大学附属肿瘤医院李小秋教授进行专题分享</p><p>百家争鸣 学术报告及病例讨论观点碰撞</p><p>下午的滤泡性淋巴瘤会议分为学术报告及病例讨论分会场。</p><p>学术报告分会场由北京大学肿瘤医院宋玉琴教授、江苏省人民医院徐卫教授、天津医科大学肿瘤医院张会来教授和中山大学附属肿瘤医院李志铭教授担任大会主席;由来自上海交通大学附属瑞金医院、江苏省人民医院、中国医学科学院血液病医院、浙江大学医学院附属第二医院、天津医科大学肿瘤医院和厦门大学附属第一医院6个诊疗中心的9位青年才俊发表各自中心针对滤泡性淋巴瘤的临床及转化医学研究的最新进展;由国内各大肿瘤中心的著名专家主持及进行点评，对不同研究报告提出各自看法和建议，将有益于后续的研究工作。</p><p>病例讨论分会场由浙江大学医学院附属第二医院钱文斌教授、复旦大学肿瘤医院李小秋教授、中国医学科学院血液病医院易树华教授和哈尔滨血液病肿瘤研究所赵东陆教授担任大会主席;由北京大学肿瘤医院、江苏省人民医院、天津医科大学肿瘤医院、厦门大学附属第一医院、中山大学附属肿瘤医院、中国医学科学院血液病医院和哈尔滨血液病肿瘤研究所提供7个实战病例，引发热烈的学术讨论，在与会者中引起强烈反响，共同为我们带来了一场学术上的饕餮盛宴。</p><p>总结</p><p>首届中国滤泡性淋巴瘤大会圆满落下帷幕。与会专家、学者共同就滤泡性淋巴瘤进展的前沿和热点话题进行了深入探讨与剖析，对工作组后续开展滤泡性淋巴瘤的临床科研深入研究等具有重要意义。展望未来，中国滤泡淋巴瘤工作组将踔厉奋发，以改善中国滤泡性淋巴瘤患者的预后为己任，继续在FL临床、基础科研和转化研究等方面开展深入的工作，以加深对FL的认识，提升FL的诊疗水平，为FL患者带来更多生存获益!</p><p>&nbsp;</p>]]></description><category>血液病新闻动态</category><comments>https://blog.xuekang.net/post/3299.html#comment</comments><wfw:commentRss>https://blog.xuekang.net/feed.asp?cmt=3299</wfw:commentRss></item></channel></rss>
